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Archibald Gracie III
Archibald Gracie III (December 1, 1832 – December 2, 1864) was a career United States Army officer, businessman, and a graduate of West Point. He is well known for being a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War and for his death during the Siege of Petersburg.
==Early life and career==
Archibald was born into a wealthy New York family〔His grandfather, another Archibald Gracie, built Gracie Mansion in 1799.〕 with interests in exporting cotton from Mobile, Alabama.〔Thomas McAdory Owen, Marie Bankhead Owen, ''History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography'', ''s.v.'' "Gracie, Archibald" reports that his mother was "a Miss Bethune, of Charleston, S.C."; "Bethune" was also a prominent family in New York.〕 After his elementary education, Gracie traveled to Germany for five years of further studying at the University of Heidelberg.〔Gerard A. Patterson's ''Rebels from West Point: The 306 U.S. Military Academy Graduates Who Fought for the Confederacy'' (2002) pg. 126.〕 After arriving back in the United States Archibald started his education at West Point, at the time of Robert E. Lee's superintendency. Gracie came to Lee's attention when, after intentionally stepping on fellow cadet Wharton J. Green's heels while marching, he was challenged to a fight on the parade grounds. When a teacher broke up the fight, which Gracie was losing badly, Green fled, and Gracie refused to tell who he'd been fighting. Days later, Green went into Lee's office to admit his role and demand an equal punishment. Lee decided to punish neither of them, and Gracie and Green became fast friends.
After graduating in 1854, he was appointed a second lieutenant and set off as an escort to Governor Isaac Stevens, who was on the way to the Walla Walla Council of 1855.〔Thomas McAdory Owen and Marie Bankhead Owens' ''History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography'' (1921) pg. 686.〕
In 1857 Gracie resigned his post to join his father's firm, established during the 1840s in Mobile, Alabama, as agents of the London banking firm of Baring brothers.〔 Later Gracie became the President of the Barings Bank of Mobile.〔Daly, Maria Lydig; Harold Earl Hammond, and Jean V. Berlin, Diary of a Union Lady, 1861-1865 (2000) pg. 33〕 It was here in Mobile that he joined the Washington Light Infantry and became its captain. By the orders of Governor Andrew B. Moore, Archibald and his men took the Mount Vernon Arsenal.〔''History of Alabama'', pg. 686.〕
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